28个草地早熟禾品种坪用性状评价

对来自荷兰百绿、美国及丹麦的草地早熟禾28个品种的坪用质量性状进行了研究和评价。单项测定结果表明：各品种质量性状之间存在极显著差异或可明显区分出不同类型。其中,密度最高为Limousine和Elysee(1.45枝条数／cm2),次之为Cynthia(1.02枝条数／cm2);盖度最高为Monoply(87．1％),其次为Wembley(75．0％);质地测定中叶片最窄为Elysee和Limousine(分别为2．57mm和2．74mm),Compact位居第二;生长习性测定结果百绿品种占据半直立型(Julia)、半匍匐型(Sydspor)及中等3种类型,美国和丹麦品种仅有中等类型;颜色测定百绿品种呈浅绿、中绿、深绿3种类型,丹麦和美国品种分别为中绿和深绿、浅绿和中绿2种类型;冬末枯黄表征测定中表现轻微枯黄的品种仅有百绿品种Entopper,其余品种表现为中或重;青绿期最长的品种Fylking(336d)和较长品种Balin,Bar 5649,Conni,Entopper,Monoply(333d)均为百绿品种。依据对密度、盖度、质地、颜色、冬末枯黄表征及青绿期6个主要性状测定值的加权平均进行品种质量性状的聚类分析,认为可将28个品种分为密集纤细型、中等型和稀疏粗糙型3种类型,百绿品种在各类型中均有代表品种。     

龙羊峡库区天然草地动态分析

利用美国陆地卫星T.M图象,对龙羊峡水库库区的天然草地进行了对比分析。结果表明,天然草地面积减少7084.09hm^2。其中减幅较大的为温性草原类和温性荒漠类,10年中分别减少了7299.27hm^2和1015.65hm^2。另外,草地盖度,牧草高度和草地产量也有下降,其中草地盖度下降5%-15%;牧草种数减少4-20种;牧草产量下降73.5-1090.05kg/hm^2。并对变化原因作了分析,提出了治理措施。     

高寒地区多年生禾草混播草地种间竞争效应分析

从高寒地区3组分禾草混播草地群落的种问竞争机制出发,建立了适合高寒地区3组分禾草混播草地群落种间竞争机制的Lotka—Volterra竞争效应模型,并对该模型所描述的竞争进行了计算机模拟试验。模拟结果表明,试验所选的3种高寒地区3组分禾草混播草群的种间相容性分为两种类型,即不稳定的群落：多叶老芒麦 无芒雀麦 垂穗披碱草和垂穗披碱草 多叶老芒麦 扁穗冰草,其竞争结局是：群落内多叶老芒麦和垂穗披碱草二者共同表现为优势种群,无芒雀麦或扁穗冰草与优势植物的竞争结果将导致其从群落中消失,多叶老芒麦和垂穗披碱草种群将能稳定共存;不稳定-稳定过渡群落：无芒雀麦 多叶老芒麦 扁穗冰草,在没有多叶老芒麦种群的时候,无芒雀麦和扁穗冰草种群可以共存,但是如果多叶老芒麦种群加入无芒雀麦和扁穗冰草所占的区域,它将导致无芒雀麦和扁穗冰草种群趋于灭绝。通过对3个混播试验组计算机模拟竞争模型的竞争效应分析,其结果与方法对科学建植同类型的多年生混播人工草地具有一定的指导意义。     

Diagnosis of dehydratase inhibitors in melanin biosynthesis inhibitor (MBI-D) resistance by primer-introduced restriction enzyme analysis in scytalone dehydratase gene of Magnaporthe grisea

We have established a simple diagnosis method for rice blast fungus resistant to MBI-D. This involves the preparation of PCR templates directly from the lesions in combination with primer-introduced restriction enzyme analysis PCR (PIRA-PCR).     

Benefits of prophylactic gastropexy for dogs at risk of gastric dilatation-volvulus

The lifetime probability of death from gastric dilation–volvulus (GDV) for five dog breeds was estimated based on published breed-specific longevity and GDV incidence. These breeds were Great Dane, Irish Setter, Rottweiler, Standard Poodle and Weimaraner. Lifetime risk (95% CI) of GDV in these breeds ranged from 3.9% (0–11.2%) for Rottweiler to 36.7% (25.2–44.6%) for Great Dane.

A decision-tree analysis for prophylactic gastropexy—using lifetime probability of death from GDV and expected cost savings for veterinary services as outcome measures—was undertaken to determine the preferred course of action in several dog breeds. Prophylactic gastropexy was the preferred choice of action for all breeds examined, with the reduction in mortality (versus no gastropexy) ranging from 2.2-fold (Rottweiler) to 29.6-fold (Great Dane). Assuming a prophylactic gastropexy costs US$ 400, the procedure was cost-effective when the lifetime risk of GDV was ≥34%. The maximum and minimum estimated breakeven costs for the gastopexy procedure ranged from US$ 20 (Rottweiler) to US$ 435 (Great Dane). The cost-effectiveness of prophylactic gastropexy was most sensitive to the cost of treating GDV (US$ 1500). Prophylactic gastropexy raises ethical issues that need to be considered by veterinarians and dog breeders.     

微卫星标记与丝羽乌骨鸡产蛋性能的关系研究

从鸡的遗传图谱中选择9个与产蛋性能相关的微卫星基因座,对在产蛋性能上有明显差异的丝羽乌骨鸡个体共170只进行标记基因型与产蛋性状的最小二乘分析,结果表明：有4个标记G31913、X82867、Z95315、G01672与丝羽乌骨鸡的4个月连产蛋量、开产蛋重及500日龄产蛋量间存在显著的关系。标记G31913中基因型AB所对应的开产体重最小二乘均值与其它基因型的对应值间的差异达显著或极显著,开产蛋重间无显著差异。标记Z95315的基因型CC所对应开产蛋重、开产体重最小二乘均值最高,并且均显著高于其余8种基因型所对应的开产蛋重、开产体重最小二乘均值。标记G01672基因型为EE、AE所对应开产蛋重最小二乘均值与基因型为CE、CC的对应值间差异显著;等位基因E与开产蛋重有显著正相关,等位基因C与开产蛋重有显著负相关。标记X82867基因型CD所对应500日龄产蛋量最小二乘均值显著低于AB型,4个月连产蛋量、300日龄产蛋量也低于基因型为AB个体。研究表明,标记G31913的基因型AB和标记Z95315的基因型CC有望作为开产蛋重、开产体重早期选择的辅助标记。     

Phylogenetic Analysis of Field Isolates of Feline Calcivirus (FCV) in Japan by Sequencing Part of Its Capsid Gene

The molecular epidemiology of the infectious disease caused by feline calcivirus (FCV) in Japan was investigated by analysing the phylogenetic relationship among 21 Japanese field isolates, including the F4 strain, and 30 global isolates. Parts of the capsid gene (B–F) of the isolates were amplified by RT-PCR, and the amino acid sequences were compared with those from the global isolates. Thirty-seven and 14 out of a total of 51 isolates were clustered into two distinct genogroups, I and II respectively, by UPGMA and NJ analysis. Seven of the 21 Japanese isolates (33%) fell into group I together with 30 global isolates, while the other 14 Japanese isolates (67%) belonged to group II. The bootstrap repetition analysis of groups I and II formed by the NJ method gave a value of 99.0%. The 14 latter Japanese isolates were clearly separated from the isolates in group I, and they were different from any previously known FCV, forming a new genogroup, which implies that this lineage has been confined to Japan. Comparing the amino acid sequences shared by groups I and II, the amino acid at position 377 in B region was asparagine (Asn or Asp (NH₂)) in group I, while it was lysine (Lys) in all the strains in group II. Similarly, the amino acid at position 539 in the F region was alanine (Ala) or proline (Pro) in group I, while it was valine (Val) in group II; glycine (Gly) at position 557 in group I was serine (Ser) in Group II; and phenylalanine (Phe) or leucine (Leu) at position 566 in genogroup I was tyrosine (Tyr) in group II.     

“荧光”蚕品种雌雄荧光色素的定性及相对量分析

用高效液相色谱分析和纸上色层分析法 ,对家蚕“荧光”品种雌雄幼虫和茧层的荧光色素进行了定性和相对量分析。结果表明 :构成雌雄茧层荧光色素的种类无显著差异 ,雌雄茧荧光色不同的原因是组成茧荧光色的各种荧光色素相对量不同 ;茧层中的一种Rf值为 0 77的黄荧光色素 ,在熟蚕丝腺中没有检出 ,说明营茧过程中有新的荧光物质形成或有较大的变化 ;5龄幼虫不同发育时期 ,雌雄各荧光色素的相对量不同 ,以荧光黄色素为例 ,雄性随日龄的增加其相对量不断增加 ,而雌性则以 5龄 96h为最高 ,其后逐渐下降 ;雌性幼虫肠壁组织中的Rf值为0 19和 0 5 9的两种明黄色荧光色素 ,雄性幼虫和雌性幼虫的其它组织中没有检出 ,说明雌雄幼虫在色素代谢上也存在差异     

Comparison of nuclear morphometric parameters in cytologic smears and histologic sections of spontaneous canine tumors

Background — Nuclear morphometry may provide useful diagnostic and prognostic information for neoplasms in animals. Most available data have been obtained from histologic sections. Nuclear morphometry of cytologic smears may provide important pre-operative information.
Objectives — The goal of this study was to compare nuclear morphometric parameters in cytologic smears and histologic sections from spontaneous canine tumors.
Methods — Mean nuclear area (MNA), mean nuclear perimeter (MNP), mean nuclear form factor (FF; nuclear perimeter²/4π nuclear area) and their respective SDs were assessed by image analysis of both hematoxylin and eosin-stained histologic sections and May-Grünwald-Giemsa-stained cytologic smears from the same case in 20 spontaneous canine tumors of different histogenesis. The above parameters were selected as being the best morphometric tools for measuring variation in shape and size in cells after neoplastic transformation. Data were compared by ANOVA with P<.01 considered significant.
Results — There was a significant difference between histologic and cytologic specimens for MNA, MNP, and their SDs. Only the differences between FF and the SD of FF were not statistically significant.
Conclusions — Only nuclear morphometric data related to nuclear shape and nuclear shape variability are comparable between histologic and cytologic specimens. Nuclear area and perimeter may be affected by the different fixation and smear preparation techniques used in histology and cytology.     

Flow cytometry: clinical applications in equine medicine

The use of flow cytometry in veterinary diagnostics is becoming a valuable clinical tool with a broad range of applications. Physical characteristics of cells can be determined by the flow cytometer laser and electronics through the measurement of changes in light scatter properties. Other components and functions of cells can be defined through the application of fluorochrome dyes that have an affinity for cellular components. Traditionally, common clinical applications are immunophenotyping of cells of the hematopoietic system with fluorescent-labeled antibodies raised against specific cell surface proteins. Other approaches have been used to elucidate changes in cell function and DNA content. This review is intended to provide the reader with the fundamental uses of flow cytometry. Examples of clinical applications in equine patients include immune-mediated hemolytic anemia, immune-mediated thrombocytopenia (IMT), chronic inflammatory disease, and neoplasia.